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Are Employee Benefits Taxable?

How many of us actually think about taxes when it comes to wages and employee benefits?   Most of us only think of taxes once a year when it’s time to file our tax returns but notice that taxes have been mentioned several times during this section.  One of the best ways to maximize earnings and keep more of what you earn is to understand the connection between employee benefits and taxes. 

In general, there are special tax rules for wages earned and employee benefits.  It is important to know what benefits are considered wages, if they are taxable, and when.  For example, having a company car may sound like a great perk, but any personal use is reported in your gross wages and fully taxable.  You must keep track of every mile driven, gas receipts, etc.!  Making a contribution to retirement savings plan will save federal taxes now, but if your company matches your contribution, that’s like bonus money for your retirement!    As we saw before, using an FSA for health care expenses means you don’t pay federal, state, or social security taxes ever on the contributions! 

The following is a chart which summarizes general (federal) rules for more common items including pre-tax benefits, employer paid benefits, and working condition benefits (for 2015).* 

  

EMPLOYEE
DIRECTED**

Included in Gross Wages

Included in
Taxable Wages

Social Security & Medicare

Federal Tax Status

401(k)/403(b)/457 Retirement Plans-Employee Contribution

Yes

No
(maximum deferral is $18,000 plus $6,000 catch-up unless a Roth Plan)

Taxable

Deferred

FSA-Health Care

Yes

No
(maximum contribution is $2,500)

Exempt

Exempt

FSA-Dependent Care

Yes

No
(maximum - $5,000 for individuals or married couples)

Exempt

Exempt

Health Insurance Premiums-
Employee Paid

Yes

No

Exempt

Exempt

HSA’s

Yes

No
(maximum contribution is $3,550 self-only or $6,650 family)

Exempt

Exempt

EMPLOYER PAID BENEFITS

Included in Gross Wages

Included in
Taxable Wages

Social Security & Medicare

Federal Tax Status

Adoption Assistance

Yes

No
(up to $5,000)

Taxable

Exempt

Athletic facilities

No

No

Exempt

Exempt

Child/Dependent Care Assistance

Yes

No
(up to $5,000)

Exempt

Exempt

Group-Term Life Insurance

No
(up to cost of $50,000 coverage)

No
(up to cost of $50,000 coverage)

Exempt
(up to cost of $50,000 of coverage)

Exempt
(up to cost of $50,000 of coverage)

HSA’s - Contribution

Yes

No
(maximum contribution is $3,550 self-only or $6,650 family)

Exempt

Exempt

Education Assistance

Yes

No
(up to $5,250)

Exempt

Exempt

Health Insurance Premiums

No

No

Exempt

Exempt

Retirement Plan Contribution

No

No

Exempt

Deferred

Transportation

Yes

No
(up to $130 per month for transit passes; up to $250 per month for parking)

Exempt

Exempt

WORKING CONDITION BENEFITS

Included in Gross Wages

Included in
Taxable Wages

Social Security & Medicare

Federal Tax Status

Annual Company Picnic

No

No

Exempt

Exempt

Coffee Service

No

No

Exempt

Exempt

Employer provided
cell-phone

No

No

Exempt

Exempt

Company Car

Yes
(personal
use only)

Yes
(personal use only)

Taxable(personal
use only)

Taxable(personal
use only)

Meals

No

No

Exempt

Exempt


*There may be additional restrictions and reporting options, so be sure to check with your human resources department and tax advisor to see how they may apply to your situation.

**These are items in which wages are redirected to the respective benefit before any taxes are calculated and withheld.The wages redirected are referred to as ‘pre-tax’ dollars.




















































































So what is the bottom line connection between earnings, benefits, and taxes?  Continue on to What Does Pre-tax Really Mean to find out.

Next up:  What Does Pre-tax Really Mean?

 

 

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